Serial Logger Hardware

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By Mark Russinovich

Serial Port Data Logger Hardware

Published: January 12, 2012

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Introduction

Portmon is a utility that monitors and displays all serial andparallel port activity on a system. It has advanced filtering and searchcapabilities that make it a powerful tool for exploring the way Windowsworks, seeing how applications use ports, or tracking down problems insystem or application configurations.

Portmon 3.x

Version 3.x of Portmon marks the introduction of a number of powerfulfeatures.

Remote monitoring: Capture kernel-mode and/or Win32 debug outputfrom any computer accessible via TCP/IP - even across the Internet.You can monitor multiple remote computers simultaneously. Portmonwill even install its client software itself if you are running iton a Windows NT/2K system and are capturing from another WindowsNT/2K system in the same Network Neighborhood.
Most-recent-filter lists:Portmon has been extended withpowerful filtering capabilities and it remembers your most recentfilter selections, with an interface that makes it easy to reselectthem.
Clipboard copy: Select multiple lines in the output window andcopy their contents to the clipboard.
Highlighting: Highlight debug output that matches yourhighlighting filter, and even customize the highlighting colors.
Log-to-file: Write debug output to a file as its being captured.
Printing: Print all or part of captured debug output to aprinter.
One-file payload:Portmon is now implemented as one file.

The on-line help-file describes all these features, and more, in detail.

Installation and Use

Simply execute the Portmon program file (portmon.exe) and Portmonwill immediately start capturing debug output. To run Portmon onWindows 95 you must get the WinSock2update from Microsoft. Notethat if you run Portmon on Windows NT/2K portmon.exe must be locatedon a non-network drive and you must have administrative privilege.Menus, hot-keys, or toolbar buttons can be used to clear the window,save the monitored data to a file, search output, change the windowfont, and more. The on-line help describes all of Portmon's features.

Portmon understands all serial and parallel port I/O control (IOCTLs)commands and will display them along with interesting informationregarding their associated parameters. For read and write requestsPortmon displays the first several dozen bytes of the buffer, using'.' to represent non-printable characters. The Show Hex menu option letsyou toggle between ASCII and raw hex output of buffer data.

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How it Works: WinNT

The Portmon GUI is responsible for identifying serial and parallelports. It does so by enumerating the serial ports that are configuredunder HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEHardwareDeviceMapSerialComm and theparallel ports defined underHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINEHardwareDeviceMapParallel Ports. These keyscontain the mappings between serial and parallel port device names andthe Win32-accessible names.

When you select a port to monitor, Portmon sends a request to itsdevice driver that includes the NT name (e.g. deviceserial0) thatyou are interested in. The driver uses standard filtering APIs to attachits own filter device object to the target device object. First, it usesZwCreateFile to open the target device. Then it translates thehandle it receives back from ZwCreateFile to a device objectpointer. After creating its own filter device object that matches thecharacteristics of the target, the driver callsIoAttachDeviceByPointer to establish the filter. From that point onthe Portmon driver will see all requests aimed at the target device.

Portmon has built-in knowledge of all standard serial and parallelport IOCTLs, which are the primary way that applications and driversconfigure and read status information from ports. The IOCTLs are definedin the DDK file ddksrccommincntddser.h andddksrccommincntddpar.h, and some are documented in the DDK.

How it Works: Windows 95 and 98

On Windows 95 and 98, the Portmon GUI relies on a dynamically loadedVxD to capture serial and parallel activity. The Windows VCOMM (VirtualCommunications) device driver serves as the interface to parallel andserial devices, so applications that access ports indirectly use itsservices. The Portmon VxD uses standard VxD service hooking tointercept all accesses to VCOMM's functions. Like its NT device driver,Portmon's VxD interprets requests to display them in a friendlyformat. On Windows 95 and 98 Portmon monitors all ports so there is noport selection like on NT.

Download Portmon(226 KB)

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A Hardware keylogger for USB-Keyboards

Hardware keyloggers are used for keystroke logging, a method of capturing and recording computer users' keystrokes, including sensitive passwords.^[1] Iphone backup extractor mac. They can be implemented via BIOS-level firmware, or alternatively, via a device plugged inline between a computer keyboard and a computer. They log all keyboard activity to their internal memory.

Description[edit]

Hardware keyloggers have an advantage over software keyloggers as they can begin logging from the moment a computer is turned on (and are therefore able to intercept passwords for the BIOS or disk encryption software).

All hardware keylogger devices have to have the following:

A microcontroller - this interprets the datastream between the keyboard and computer, processes it, and passes it to the non-volatile memory
A non-volatile memory device, such as flash memory - this stores the recorded data, retaining it even when power is lost

Generally, recorded data is retrieved by typing a special password into a computer text editor. Install windows 10 full version. The hardware keylogger plugged in between the keyboard and computer detects that the password has been typed and then presents the computer with 'typed' data to produce a menu. Beyond text menu some keyloggers offer a high-speed download to speed up retrieval of stored data; this can be via USB mass-storage enumeration or with a USB or serial download adapter.

Typically the memory capacity of a hardware keylogger may range from a few kilobytes to several gigabytes, with each keystroke recorded typically consuming a byte of memory.

Types of hardware keyloggers[edit]

A connected hardware-based keylogger.

A Regular Hardware Keylogger is used for keystroke logging by means of a hardware circuit that is attached somewhere in between the computer keyboard and the computer. It logs all keyboard activity to its internal memory which can be accessed by typing in a series of pre-defined characters. A hardware keylogger has an advantage over a software solution; because it is not dependent on the computer's operating system it will not interfere with any program running on the target machine and hence cannot be detected by any software. They are typically designed to have an innocuous appearance that blends in with the rest of the cabling or hardware, such as appearing to be an EMCBalun. They can also be installed inside a keyboard itself (as a circuit attachment or modification), or the keyboard could be manufactured with this 'feature'. They are designed to work with legacy PS/2 keyboards, or more recently, with USB keyboards. Some variants, known as wireless hardware keyloggers, have the ability to be controlled and monitored remotely by means of a wireless communication standard.^{[citation needed]}
Wireless Keylogger sniffers - Collect packets of data being transferred from a wireless keyboard and its receiver and then attempt to crack the encryption key being used to secure wireless communications between the two devices.
Firmware - A computer's BIOS, which is typically responsible for handling keyboard events, can be reprogrammed so that it records keystrokes as it processes them.
Keyboard overlays - a fake keypad is placed over the real one so that any keys pressed are registered by both the eavesdropping device as well as the legitimate one that the customer is using.^[2]
Key commands - exist in lots of legitimate software. These programs require keyloggers to know when you’re using a specific command.^[3]

Countermeasures[edit]

Denial or monitoring of physical access to sensitive computers, e.g. by closed-circuit video surveillance and access control, is the most effective means of preventing hardware keylogger installation. Visual inspection is the easiest way of detecting hardware keyloggers. But there are also some techniques that can be used for most hardware keyloggers on the market, to detect them via software. In cases in which the computer case is hidden from view (e.g. at some public access kiosks where the case is in a locked box and only a monitor, keyboard, and mouse are exposed to view) and the user has no possibility to run software checks, a user might thwart a keylogger by typing part of a password, using the mouse to move to a text editor or other window, typing some garbage text, mousing back to the password window, typing the next part of the password, etc. so that the keylogger will record an unintelligible mix of garbage and password text^[4] See also Keystroke logging countermeasures.

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The main risk associated with keylogger use is that physical access is needed twice: initially to install the keylogger, and secondly to retrieve it. Thus, if the victim discovers the keylogger, they can then set up a sting operation to catch the person in the act of retrieving it. This could include camera surveillance or the review of access card swipe records to determine who gained physical access to the area during the time period that the keylogger was removed.